论雅各布森的语言艺术功能观

作为20世纪杰出的美籍俄裔语言学家和文学理论家，雅各布森把语言艺术放在结构主义的功能观上进行考察。动态的功能不仅涉及外部的社会语境，更作为语言的内在结构起作用。不同功能之间的相互作用构成了语言和文学系统共时和历时层面上的变化，从而揭示出语言艺术的实质。雅各布森的语言艺术功能观强调的不是封闭的单功能态度，而是开放的多功能性；不是艺术语言的独立性，而是诗性功能的主导地位。它同时深化了我们对于语言和文学及其相互关系的认识。

Roman Jakobson, the outstanding Russian American linguist and literary theorist of the 20th century, has explored the verbal art from the structural-functional perspective. The dynamic linguistic functions not only involve the external social contexts,but also act as the internal structure of language whose interactions constitute the linguistic and literary changes taking place on both synchronic and diachronic levels, thus reveals the essence of the verbal art. Jakobson＇s functional view of the verbal art puts emphasis on an open multiplicity of functions instead of the closed monotonicity,and on the dominance of the poetic function instead of the detachment of the verbal art. It simultaneously deepens our thought about language and literature and their mutual relationships.