SWAT模型研究应用进展

SWAT Model Application: State-of-the-Art Review

利用数学模型来分析非点源污染空间分布是评估非点源污染控制中特定管理措施和管理情景效果的重要工具,也是研究环境变化条件下水资源管理问题的重要手段。20世纪70年代以来,随着人们对非点源污染的重视,产生了很多优秀的非点源模型,SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)就是其中之一。SWAT模型具有综合、分布、基于物理机制并且与GIS集成的特征,具备准确模拟流域水文状况的能力,并已在水资源和环境领域中得到广泛的承认和普及。介绍了SWAT模型的特点和主要应用,对其在非点源污染模拟和控制、环境变化对水文响应的影响、洪水短期预报等领域的最新进展进行了评述,并对我国在应用SWAT模型方面的发展方向进行了初步探讨。

Mathematical model is an important tool for analyzing the spacial distribution of nonpoint source pollution and assessing the impact of specified management practice. It is also an important way to investigate water resources management on the condition of environmental change. Since the 1970s , with the strengthening of attention paid by public on nonpoint source pollution many nonpoint source models were developed. SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tools） is one of these models and was developed at the begining of 1990s. As a kind of integrated,distributed and physically-based model, SWAT is integrated with GIS and has the ability to simulate hydrological conditions accurately in watersheds, The model has obtained wide acceptance and popularity in the fields of water resources and environmental sciences. The development of SWAT model and its advances on application in the fields of simulation and control for nonpoint source pollution, the impact of environmental change on hydrologic response, and real-time flood forecasting were reviewed. In order to use SWAT well, the main issues to use SWAT model in China is also discussed.