华北土石山区灌草群落特征研究

Study on Communities Characteristics of Shrub in North China

研究了华北土石山区八达岭林区灌丛植被在不同干扰情况下的生物多样性,并运用模糊聚类法对植物群落进行分类。结果表明:该区现有植被多样性较低,多样性指数多低于1.5,且在干扰严重地区,生物多样性降低地更加明显;在干扰严重的地区,群落的优势种以禾本科青茅类植物为主;在受干扰较弱地区,群落的优势种为多年生草本或小灌木,即穿山龙和三裂绣线菊;在远离人类干扰地区,优势种为旱生的灌木(小叶鼠李和小叶锦鸡儿)。因此该区生态基础薄弱,有待进一步开展生态修复工作。

The contradiction among the nature resources, eco-environment, and economy development had become the central problem which restricts the developments of all the countries in the world. Hence, it had been give more attention on how to harmonize the environment and ecosystem. Badaling forest farm locates not only water resource protection area, but also the natural scenery tour area. So the problem was more outstanding in this area by this reason. The species diversities under different disturbances were studied. And those communities as well as were classified by using fuzzy cluster analysis. The results showed that there species diversities were lower than the average, 1.5. Furthermore, they declined evidently with the disturbance pricking up. At such area, the dominant species were gramineous plants, such as Deyeuxia Clarion ex Beauv. As compare, the shrub or perennial herb, Dioscorea nipponica and Spiraea trilobata were in dominant under weak disturbance. However, xero morphic shrubs, Rhamnus parvifolia and Caragana microphylla were dominant species in which was far away from the human＇s disturbance. So further ecological restoration measures should be done at Badaling forest farm.