煤田开采诱发环境地质问题及防治对策

Geological Environmental Problems Induced by Coalfield Exploition and Control Countermeasures

煤田开采沉陷引发了各种地质灾害和环境效应,包括地面塌陷、地裂缝、滑坡崩塌、泥石流等,对土地资源、水资源和大气环境、地表设施造成严重破坏和污染,也对人类生命财产安全造成重大损失。介绍了我国煤炭开采沉陷灾害的现状,论述了各种灾害和环境效应的形成机理,系统地总结了我国现阶段对各种灾害和环境效应的防治对策。主要的防治对策包括管理措施、控制沉陷的开采技术、沉陷预测、采空区的工程治理、地表建筑物防护、土地复垦等。实施综合防治措施和绿色开采是矿业发展的必由之路。

Various geological hazards and environmental effects induced by coal underground mining are presented, including ground subsidence,crack,landslides,collapse, debris flow, loss of water and soil, destruction of building and cropland, atmosphere pollution etc. They lead to ecological degradation and environmental pollution in mining area and restrict regional sustainable development. The form mechanism and current status of these hazards and effects are analysed and described. In the end the prevention and control countermeasures were brought forward to prevent and contol hazards and effects. The main countermeasures includes government measures, subsidence prediction,engineering treatment techniques,land reclamation, protection of surface buildings,land reclamation , water and soil conservation etc. Green mining and systemic prevention and control measures are necessary.