Toll样受体研究进展

Progress on Toll-like Receptors

Toll样受体(Toll-like receptors,TLRs)家族在病原体的识别和激活天然免疫方面发挥着非常重要的作用。激活TLRs不仅可以诱导天然免疫应答,而且有利于特异性免疫反应的发生,因而TLRs是天然免疫与获得性免疫之间的桥梁。不同TLRs可以有相同的功能,例如诱导炎性因子的产生或者上调辅助刺激分子的表达,也可以有特异的作用,例如具有诱导IFN-I产生的能力。这些作用不但在抗菌免疫反应中非常关键,而且也表现在自身免疫反应中。因而了解TLRs结构、分布、分类及功能可促进天然免疫机制研究的进一步深入,有利于对变态反应和自身免疫性疾病治疗措施的改进,也有利于解决诸如CpG佐剂、DNA疫苗、预防过敏反应等实际应用过程中存在的问题。

Members of the Toll-like receptors（TLRs） family probably play a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Activation of TLRs results in induction of innate immunity mechanisms as well in development of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, thus bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Each TLR has common effects, such as inflammatory cytokine induction or upregulation of co-stimulatory molecule expression, but also has its specific function, exemplified by type I IFN-inducing ability. Therefore, understanding molecular structure and distributing and sorts and functions of TLRs will be of great help to the research of the mechanism of innate immunity and quite useful in the development of therapeutic maneuvers against allergy and autoimmune diseases, and application of CpG in development of new adjuvant,DNA vaccine,inhibiting allergic reaction etc.