水稻高压诱变效应研究

Study on effects of rice variation induced by high hydrostatic pressure

以水稻品种粤香占、粤丰占和陆青早为材料,对种子进行75～78 Mpa加压处理,研究了高压对水稻生长产生的压变效应,结果表明:经高压处理的水稻种子发芽率较低、出芽时间推迟,尽管出芽后幼苗生长速度较快,但压力对其生长的抑制作用仍然持续,直至水稻分蘖盛期这种影响才逐渐消失;此外还发现高压能引起水稻生理产生变化,如引起水稻叶绿素含量增加等;高压也可引起水稻产生遗传变异,但变异出现的几率很小,并因品种的遗传背景而异,同时未发现变异具有方向性。大田种植结果显示,高压对水稻群体的主要农艺性状如株高、穗数、穗重、粒数、千粒重、花期等的影响不明显,高压处理水稻群体的产量与未加压处理相当。

Effects of variation induced by high hydrostatic pressure on rice growth were studied with rice varieties Yuexiangzhan, Yuefengzhan and Luqingzhao. Results indicated that germination rate of by high-pressure treated seeds was lower than those untreated, and sprouting time was postponed. Although treated seedling was growing fast after germination, an inhibited effect induced by high pressure still retained until maximum tillering stage, when plant growth could exceed that of the contrast. Some physiological variations of rice could be induced by high hydrostatic pressure. The chlorophyll content increased. The high hydrostatic pressure could make rice produce mutants with genetic characteristics stable, but mutant rate was little and would be different from genetic backgrounds of rice. It wasn＇t direction that the mutants happened. Planting in the field, group analysis of harvested materials showed that the effects of high pressure on main agricultural characteristics of rice group weren＇t obvious, such as plant height, tiller number, panicle weight, grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, flowering date, ect. In addition, yields of the treated and the control group showed no difference.