刑罚目的应该是“一般预防”

Aim of Penalty Should Be “General Prevention”

刑罚的目的是刑法学界乃至社会学界永恒的话题,在刑法学界,对刑罚目的的认识有三种观点:报应论、一般预防论和特别预防论,但是,没有哪一个学说能够真正告诉我们刑罚的存在究竟意欲何为?刑法的目的等同于刑罚的目的,刑法的目的是保障包括犯罪人在内的全体公民的基本人权,要实现这一目的,必须要减少犯罪。通过对不同类型人的犯罪可能性进行分析可以发现,要实现最大化的减少犯罪,量刑的基准必须是以犯罪的成本大于收益且刚刚大于收益为足矣。因此,“一般预防论”应该是刑罚的目的。

Aim of penalty is an everlasting problem in criminology and sociology. Three views of the aim of penalty are popular in criminology： retribution theory, general prevention theory and special prevention theory. Unfortunately, none of them can tell us what penalty really means. In this author＇ s opinion, the aim of criminal law is the same as that of penalty. What criminal law intends is to protect basic human rights of citizens at large, including criminals. In order to achieve the aim, we must reduce crimes. By analyzing crime commitment possibility of different sort of persons, one can find that in order to reduce crimes, the test of sentence is to make the crime cost above, and exactly just above the crime profit. In this sense, ＂general prevention＂ should be the real purpose of penalty.