中国常见植物食物中植物甾醇的含量和居民摄入量初估

Analysis of phytosterol contents in Chinese plant food and primary estimation of its intake of people

目的对我国植物食物中植物甾醇的含量和分布进行分析,并初步估计了中国居民膳食植物甾醇摄入量。方法选择了常见7大类约160余种植物食物样品,用气相色谱法分析了β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、谷甾烷醇、菜油甾烷醇含量并计算总植物甾醇含量;同时利用2002年居民营养与健康状况调查结果,初步测算我国城乡居民膳食植物甾醇的日平均摄入量。结果植物甾醇含量较高的植物食物包括植物油类、坚果种子类、豆类等;谷类中面粉植物甾醇含量远高于稻米,且粮谷类食品加工越精细,植物甾醇含量越低;蔬菜水果及薯类中植物甾醇含量较低。初步估计我国居民日均植物甾醇的摄入量为322.41mg/d,谷类食物和植物油类各提供约40%的膳食植物甾醇,其他类食物提供的比例较小。结论植物甾醇含量分析和摄入量估计对科学指导膳食有重要意义。在我国膳食模式下,增加面粉类、豆类、蔬菜水果类食物的摄入量,有助于提高居民植物甾醇摄入量和减少慢性病。

To analyze the phytosterol content in plant food commonly consumed in China, and to estimate the intake of phytosterols in Chinese people. Methods More than 160 types of plant food in 7 kinds were chosen as samples. The contents of β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitostanol, campestanol were analyzed by GC methods and the total phytosterols were calculated. The intake of phytosterols in Chinese people was estimated using the data of ＂Survey on the Status of Nutrition and Health of the Chinese People＂ in 2002. Results The contents of phytosterols in edible oils, nuts, and soybeans were higher than those in other plant food. In cereals, phytosterol contents of wheat flour were much higher than those of rice, the refinements of cereals may decrease the phytosterol contents. The phytosterol contents in vegetables and fruits were lower. The total intake of phytosterols in Chinese people was estimated to be 322.41mg/day, in which 40% may be of edible oil origin and 40% may be of cereal origin. Conclusion The results indicated that in the current dietary pattern, increase the intake of wheat, soybean, vegetable and fruit would enhance the phytosterol intake in Chinese.