饮水砷对儿童智力的影响

Effects of arsenic in drinking water on children's intelligence

目的 研究高砷饮水对儿童智力发育的影响。方法 选择某高砷饮水地区268名小学生作为研究对象，采集家庭饮用水样和空腹晨尿，测定水砷和尿砷含量。按照水砷含量分为对照组（〈0．05mg／L，A组）、低暴露组（0．05～0．1mg／L，B组）、高暴露组（≥0．1mg/L，C组），采用联合型瑞文测试（中国第二次修订版）对研究对象进行智力测验，并针对家庭一般情况、饮水水源情况、儿童健康状况、父母亲文化程度、父母亲健康等情况进行问卷调查。结果A组、B组、C组研究对象尿砷含量中位数分别为0．02、0．04和0．12mg／L，尿砷与饮水砷含量显著相关。单因素分析结果显示，A组、B组和C组男生智商分别为97．3、94．5、95．6；女生智商均值由高到低依次为：A组101．3、B组98．3、C组94．2。当调整了其他因素后，水砷含量在0．1mg/L以上女生智商显著降低，相对于对照组平均下降了7．5分；而男生下降趋势不显著。结论长期饮用砷含量在0．1mg／L以上的高砷水对儿童的智力发育可能会造成不利影响，对女生智力的影响较明显。

To study the effect of high concentration arsenic in drinking water on children＇s intelligence. Methods Pupils in Hangjinhou Qi were selected as subjects. Arsenic in drinking water and urine was determined. These subjects were divided into control（ 〈 0.05mg/L, group A）, mild exposure （0.05 - 0. 1mg/L, group B）and heavy exposure group（ ≥0. 1mg/L, group C）, according to arsenic concentration in drinking water. The Chinese combined Raven＇s test was applied to evaluate the intelligence of children. In addition, the questionnaire survey was conducted to find out information, such as general information of households, source of drinking water, health of subjects and their parents, education of parents, etc. Results The boys＇ average intelligence quotients （IQ） were 99.4 （group A）, 96.5 （group B）, 94.9（group C）. On the other hand, average IQs of girls were 101.3 （group A）, 98.3 （group B） and 94.2 （group C） in the sequence from high to low. When other factors were adjusted, the average intelligence quotient of girls who exposured to arsenic higher than 0. 1 mg/L were significantly decreased, compared with control groups, while boys＇ IQ did not show so. Conclusion Children＇ s ingested the dring water contaminating arsenic （ 〉 1.0mg/L） for the long run probably could have adverse effect on their intelligence development in some degree. Girls＇ IQ seemed more susceptible to arsenic.