陕西黄龙山林区褐马鸡春季觅食地选择

Feeding-Sites Selection of Brown Eared Pheasant in Spring in Huanglong Mountains,Shaanxi Province

2006年4～5月,在陕西黄龙山林区采用样带法对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)春季觅食地选择进行了研究。共测定了9条样带上的54个随机样方和54个栖息地利用样方的20个生态因子。结果表明,褐马鸡春季觅食期间偏好利用针阔混交林,避免针叶林和阔叶林;偏向于下坡位,避免上坡位和中坡位;偏向于中等坡度的山坡(10～20°),避免坡度较大和较小的山坡;对坡向没有明显的选择性。对利用样方和随机样方进行比较,发现利用样方具有海拔较低、与林间小路和水源较近、乔木种类较少、乔木密度较小、乔木最大胸径较大、乔木最大高度较高、灌木种类较少、灌木密度较小、食物丰富度较大、灌木层植物盖度较小、乔木层植物盖度较大、隐蔽级较小等特征。逐步判别分析表明,乔木密度、与水源距离、灌木密度、灌木种类、乔木最大高度、海拔具有重要作用,由这6个变量构成的方程在对繁殖季节觅食地利用样方和对照样方进行区分时,正确判别率可以达到97·22%。褐马鸡春季觅食地选择主要与食物条件、隐蔽条件和水源有关。

From April to May in 2006, fifty-four feeding sites used by Brown Eared Pheasant （ Crossoptilon mantchuricum） were identified and fifty-four random plots were located along 9 transects crossing the entire study area in Huanglong Mountains of Shaanxi Province. Twenty factors were measure in each sites and were analyzed. Brown Eared Pheasant preferred coniferous broadleaved forest at lower part of slope with 10 - 20° degree; they avoided broadleaf forest and conifer forest,did not select upper and mid part of slope avoided deep slope （ 〉 20°） and fiat sites （ 〈 10°） . They did show any preference for slope aspect. Comparing the used sites with the random plots, the used sites were eharaeterrized by lower altitude, shorter distance to trail and water source, larger and taller trees with less species, and low density ; relatively open shrubs with lower density, more abundance of food, large tree coverage, less shrub cover. Tree density, distance to water source, shrub density, shrub species, and height of trees were critically factors to discriminate the used sites and random plots. The overall classification model developed from those seven variables was successfully to distinguish the used sites from random ones at probability of 97.22%. Feeding site selection of Brown Eared Pheasant was mainly related to food, concealment and water source.