厦门中华白海豚体内微量元素的初步分析

A Preliminary Analysis on Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Chinese White Dolphins in Xiamen

对5头中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)9种器官组织中的Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg、Ni、Se、As、Mg、Mn、Al等微量元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明,在少年个体中,Cu(P<0·05)和Mn(P<0·01)在肝中的含量及Zn在肝(P<0·01)、肠(P<0·05)、胃(P<0·05)和心(P<0·05)中的含量明显高于肌肉中相应微量元素的含量,其余微量元素在各种组织中变化不大;在成年个体中,Pb在肺中的含量明显高于肝(P<0·001)、肌肉(P<0·01)、胃(P<0·01)和心(P<0·05)中的含量,Hg在肝中的含量明显高于胰(P<0·05)。整体上来说,大多数微量元素在成体中的含量高于少年个体,表明微量元素是随年龄的增长而逐渐累积的。有毒重金属如Hg、Cd和Pb在肾、肝以及卵巢中累积较多,提示这些器官承受了较大的毒性压力。

The concentrations of some trace elements, such as Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, As, Mg, Mn and AI, in nine tissues from five Chinese White Dolphins （ Sousa chinensis ） collected from Xiamen waters were measured. The results showed the concentrations of Cu （P 〈0.05）and Mn （P 〈0.01） in liver, and Zn in liver （P 〈 0.01）, intestine （ P 〈 0.05）, stomach （ P 〈 0.05） and heart （ P 〈 0.05） in juvenile individuals were significantly higher than those in muscle, while no significant variation of other trace elements was observed in different tissues. In adult individuals, concentration of Pb in lung was significantly higher than that in liver （ P 〈 0.001 ）, muscle （ P 〈 0.01 ）, stomach （ P 〈 0.01 ） and heart （ P 〈 0.05）, and concentration of Hg in liver was higher than that in pancreas （ P 〈 0.05） ; however, no significant variation of other trace elements was found. Overall, concentrations of most trace elements in adults were higher than those in juvenile, suggesting that the trace elements were accumulated with age increase. The concentrations of some toxic heavy metals such as Hg, Pb and Cd, were mainly accumulated in liver, kidney and ovary.