对细胞施加力学作用的实验方法

Experimental Technologies for Imposing Mechanical Force on Cells

对细胞施加力学作用的实验方法有很多种,但大多是对体内、体外环境中某一力学因素的模拟。按照所模拟力的来源不同,分为模拟体内力学环境的实验方法和模拟体外力学环境的实验方法两类。模拟体内力学环境的实验方法主要有:流动剪切力法、静水压法、圆周应力法、基底拉伸法;模拟体外力学环境的实验方法主要有:微重力细胞培养法、离心力场法、气体加压法、声波刺激法、微光束辐照法。另外,还有一类用于研究单细胞力学特性的实验方法,主要有微管吸吮法、原子力显微镜悬臂刺激法、磁珠扭转法和光钳法。本文针对这些主要的实验方法进行综述。

Most of the experimental technologies for imposing force on cells mimic only one in vivo or in vitro mechanical environment. According to the different source of forces, the loading methods can be divided into two types： modeling the force in vivo mainly to simulate fluid shear stress, liquid hydrostatic pressure, circumferential strain and substrate stretch stress; and modeling me- chanics in vitro mainly including microgravity culture system, centrifugal field culture system, air hydrostatic pressurization, ultrasound stimulus and microbeam irradiation. In addition, the main experimental technologies for single cell exposed to force are listed as Micropipette aspiration technique, atomic force microscope cantilevers deflection stimulus, magnetic twisting method, and force generated by a laser tweezers trap. These main experimental technologies are discussed in this paper.