公共政策中公平和效率的冲突与统一

Conflict and Unification about Fairness and Efficiency of Public Policy

本文尝试从主体、资源和过程层面来探讨公共政策中的公平争议问题,然后探讨市场体制下的效率问题,并提出公共政策的实践就是针对市场失灵现象进行政策干预,既追求市场配置资源时的高效率,更追求主体和资源层面的社会公平。最后,本文探讨公平和效率的关系问题,提出当公平的结果实现的是主体追求更高目标的手段而不是直接实现其目标时,公平才能与效率相协调。

This paper attempts to inquire into the issue of fairness of public policy at the levels of subject, resource, and process, and then discusses the issue of efficiency in the market system. It points out that public policy in practice is a governmental intervention in response to market failure, not only seeking efficiency of market allocation, but also seeking social fairness at the level of subject and resource. Finally, this paper discusses the issue of the relation between fairness and efficiency, and points out that only when the result of fairness is a means that subject seeks higher aim, not directly achieving aim, can the balance between fairness and efficiency be achieved.