有机高岭土的制备及对船舶压载水入侵生物的治理

Preparation of organic kaolin and its application in removing nonindigenous organisms from ships' ballast water

为有效防治船舶压载水外来生物的入侵传播,采用十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA+)与高岭土湿法合成有机高岭土,以赤潮生物塔马亚历山大藻和天然海水中的异氧细菌、原生动物为目标生物,考察反应温度、反应介质、老化时间和HDTMA+用量等条件对有机高岭土除藻效率的影响.FT-IR、XRD分析表明,HDTMA+与高岭土主要通过离子交换和表面吸附形成稳定的有机-无机复合物.实验结果表明,当有机高岭土的用量为0.030 g.L-1时,24 h内塔马亚历山大藻的去除率大于80%;用量0.10 g.L-1时海水中的异氧细菌无法检出,同时对海水中的部分原生动物也具有较强的灭杀作用.

The flocculant prepared by the kaolin and cationic surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium （HDTMA^＋ ） in solution was investigated to find an effective method preventing nonindigenous organism invasion. The influence of synthetic conditions such as the reaction temperature, medium solution, aging time and amount of HDTMA^＋ was investigated with Alexandriurn tamarense, heterotrophic bacterial and protozoan in natural seawater as target organisms. FT-IR and XRD analysis proved that HDTMA^＋ combined with kaolin mainly by ion exchange and surface absorption. The experimental results show that the organic kaolin has an excellent ability to remove the nonindigenous organisms. It could remove more than 80 % Alexandrium tamarense within 24 h at the amount of 0.03 g·L^- 1, and remove 100 % marine bacteria at the amount of 0.10 g·L^-1, and can also kill some protozoan simultaneously.