陕北黄土高原生态资产与区域生态安全程度研究

Study on Ecological Assets and Regional Ecological Security in the Loess Plateau in North Shaanxi Province

在GIS支持下,通过测定陕北黄土高原植被生产和生态调节的物质量及生态资产价值。结果表明:①通过计算,陕北黄土高原每年的生态资产总价值为7.00×1010元,其中释放氧气的价值最高,占总价值的29.51%;土壤保持价值最小,占总价值的1.5%。而就植被类型而言,果树的生态价值最高,占总价值的43.89%;最小是沼泽,占总价值的0.4%。②通过地理信息系统与生态学的结合,对陕北黄土高原的生态资产进行定量测量,并利用GIS软件的空间分析功能,绘制了陕北黄土高原生态资产价值空间分布图。③陕北黄土高原生态安全程度为0.45,处于生态不安全状态,负荷超载,要狠抓生态建设。④针对陕北黄土高原环境现状,提出相应的治理对策。

Ecosystem services or nature services provide the ecosystem goods and services, and they bring about directly and indirectly human the benefits. They are the systems on which all kinds of lives rely for existence on the earth, and also the key natural capital of humanity. Most of the ecosystems are public goods but not traded in markets, thus the continuous reduction of ecosystem services is resulted in, and the deterioration of ecosystem functions occurs. Based on the characteristics of entironment in the Loess Plateau and the difference of the types and coverage of vegetation in the Loess Plateau as well as the new progress of research achievements, in this paper the theory and methods about the value of vegetation ecosystem services are summed up, and the databases of vegetation ecosystems, GIS and vegetation biomass are developed. Moreover, the value of vegetation ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau in north Shaanxi Province is researched after determining the productivity and biomass of vegetation and considering the advantages of the theory and methods about ecological economy. The results are as follows： （1） The annual value of ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau is 6. 699 3×10^10 yuan, in which the value of 02 released by vegetation is the highest and occupies 29.51% of the total, and the value of soil conservation and fertilization of vegetation is the lowest and occupies 1.5 % only. According to the vegetation types, the ecological value of temperate fruit trees is the highest and accounts for 43.89% of the total ecological value, and the value of temperate swamps is the lowest and accounts for 0.4% only; （2） The ecological assets in the Loess Plateau are quantitatively measured by combing GIS and ecology, and the map of the spatial distribution of ecological assets in the plateau is charted using the space analysis of GIS software; （3） The degree of ecological security in the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province is 0.45 only, and the ecology in the plateau is in insecurity, so the ecological regeneration must be paid great attention to; （4） Some measures are put forward for regenerating the entironment in the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province based on considering the entironment actuality.