正常儿童和成人冲突监测及反应抑制能力发展的事件相关电位研究

The development of conflict monitoring and response inhibition from childhood to adulthood： an event-related potentials study

目的研究不同年龄儿童和成人冲突监测和反应抑制能力的发展变化，探讨非靶-N2（NO-GO-N2）和非靶-P3（NOGO-P3）的神经心理学意义。方法记录和分析18名8岁组和17名11岁组健康儿童及20名22岁组大学生执行持续性操作测试的ERP和行为学结果，分析NOGO-N2和NOGO-P3的发展变化。结果随年龄增长，反应时间[8岁组，11岁组，22岁组分别为（658．01±94．04）ms，（580．14±98．58）ms，（522．21±89．43）ms]缩短，虚报错误数[8岁组，11岁组，22岁组分别为（2．41±2．03）次，（1．30±0．98）次，（0．27±0．59）次]降低，3年龄组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。随年龄增长，击中数增加，遗漏错误数降低，8岁组与11岁组和22岁组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），11岁组与22岁组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；NOGO-N2波幅显著高于GO刺激的；NOGO-N2波幅随年龄增长，波幅降低，3组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；NOGO-P3波幅在11岁组最低，与8岁组或者22岁组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论NOGO-N2与冲突监测，NOGO-P3与反应抑制有关；注意能力在11岁时发展得比较完善，而冲动抑制能力在11岁后才开始发展；NOGO-N2波幅随年龄增长，波幅降低，而NOGO-P3波幅不存在明显的与年龄相关的变化。

Objective To investigate the changes of conflict monitoring and response inhibition in human of different age groups, and examine the neuropsychological basis of NOGO-N2 and NOGO-P3. Methods ERPs elicited in continuous performance test were recorded in eighteen 8-year-old children, seventeen 11-year-old children and twenty 22-year-old undergraduates. The behavioral performance was recorded simultaneously and changes of NOGO-N2 and NOGO-P3 were analyzed. Results Reaction times （658.01 ±94.04,580.14 ± 98.58,522.21± 89.43ms, respectively） shorten and omission errors （2.41 ± 2.03,1.30 ± 0.98,0.27 ± 0.59, respectively） reduce with age, and the differences have statistical significance between three groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Hit numbers increase and commission errors reduce in 11-year-old group and 22-year-old and the differences have statistical significance（ P 〈 0.05 ）, but there was no significantly difference between 11-year-old group and 22-year-old group（ P 〉 0.05 ）, Amplitude of NOGO-N2 was significantly larger than that of GO. Amplitude of NOGO-N2 decreases with age, and the differences have statistical significance between three groups （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Amplitude of NOGO- P3 was smallest in 11 -year-old group, comparing to 8-year-old group or 22-year-old group and the differences have statistical significance（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The results support the hypothesis of links between NOGO-N2 and conflict monitoring and NOGO-P3 and response inhibition. Attention processes developed most strongly before age 11, whereas conflict inhibition processes begin developing after age 11. Amplitude of NOGO-N2 decreases with age, but NOGO-P3 has no distinct changes with age.