烤烟新品种云烟85的选育及其特征特性

Breeding and selecing a new variety of flue cured tobacco Yunyan 85 and its characteristics

烤烟新品种云烟８５是根据基因重组和累加效应原理，用红花大金元与ＳｐｅｉｇｈｔＧ２８杂交选育的云烟２号为母本，Ｋ３２６作父本杂交，经系谱选择，于１９９５年育成。１９９６年１２月通过省级评审，１９９７年１月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。云烟８５原烟多为桔黄色，光泽强，结构疏松，厚度适中；总糖为２６．０９％，烟碱２．６６％，总氮１．８９％，糖碱比９．８１，氮碱比０．７１，主要化学成分适宜，比例协调；卷烟评吸香气质好，较对照Ｋ３２６稍细腻，香气量足，劲头适中，口感舒适柔和，具有典型的清香型风格。其综合性状集红花大金元、ＳｐｅｉｇｈｔＧ２８和Ｋ３２６优点于一体。经３年株系鉴定，２年云南省区试，２年全国区试和３年生产试验示范，云烟８５平均亩产１８２．４３ｋｇ，均价５．２０元／ｋｇ，亩产值为９７９．６３元，上等烟比例４３．０３％。比对照Ｋ３２６亩产增加６．１７％，均价提高０．６元，亩产值提高１５８．３９元，增加１９．２９％，上等烟增加１１．０５个百分点。云烟８５高抗黑胫病，中抗南方根结线虫病，抗ＴＭＶ能力比对照Ｋ３２６强。农艺性状稳定，变异系数小于Ｋ３２６。具有优质、稳产、适应性广、抗逆力强。

The new flue cured tobacco variety Yunyan 85 was developed based on the principle of gene recombination and additive effect by cross breeding of Yunyan No.2(a hybrid of Hongda×G28)×K326 through pedigree selection. The new variety passed through the provincial level evaluation on Dec.7,1996 and passed through the national level tobacco variety evaluation on Jan.12,1997.The cured leaf of the variety presents orange color with stronger luster,loose structure,adequate thickness,reducing sugar 18 96%,nicotine 2 57%,total N 1 81%,ratio of sugar to nicotine 7 38,ratio of N to nicotine 0 70. It has adequate major chemical components and harmonious percentage.Cigarettes made from the leaf being tested showed good quality and a sufficient amount of flavor with adequate strength and with typical style of delicacy taste.It has good traits combined with the advantages of Hongda,G28,K326 and Yunyan No.2. Through 3 years of selections,2 years of provincial evaluation trials,2 years of nation wide trials aud 3 years of demonstration and production trails,the results showed that the average yield of Yunyan 85 was 182 4kg/mu,the average price 5 20 yuan/kg,(979 63 yuan/mu).The high grade cured leaf reached 43 03%, 6 17% more in the yield per mu than that of CK(K326),0 6 yaen more in average price,158 39 yuan more per mu,19 24% higher than the CK.The high grade of cured leaf was 11 05% more than that of the CK.Yunyan 85 is high resistant to black shank,medium resistant to the root knot nematode(M,incogita).The resistance to TMV is stronger than that of the CK(K326).The new variety has such characteristics as stable agronomical traits,stable yield,wide range of adaptabilities,stronger resistibility ,the variation coefficient smaller than the CK,stronger nitrogen response and easy to cure.