从工业废渣中湿法回收锌的研究进展

Investigation Progress on Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Zinc From Industrial Wastes

金属锌冶炼、热浸镀锌和锌铸件加工等生产过程中都会产生大量含锌废渣,其中包括锌烟、锌灰、锌渣、锌浮渣等。目前的湿法冶金工艺主要用于处理各种锌烟、锌灰等氧化锌含量较高的锌渣,采用的电解液体系主要有ZnSO4-H2SO4和Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-NH4Cl体系。而对热镀锌渣、热铸锌渣等则直接熔铸成锌渣阳极再通过电解精炼制备高纯锌,ZnCl2-NH4Cl是较为理想的电解液体系。近些年来,国内外已有很多有关利用不同体系和工艺从工业废渣中回收并提纯锌的研究成果。

A great deal of industrial wastes containing zinc such as zinc ash, dross, flue dusts, sludge, residue etc. are generated during smelting of mineral containing zinc, steel hot dipping and casting industry etc. Generally, hydrometallurgical process is used to treat various zinc ash, flue dusts etc, which zinc oxide content is pretty high. The electrolyte systems in process are mainly of ZnSO4-H2SO4 and Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-NH4Cl system. However, As far as the hot dipping zinc slag and casting zinc slag which zinc metal content is quite high are more beneficial to electrorefine to prepare high purity zinc by melting and casting into anode. ZnCl2-NH4Cl system is ideal electrolyte system in present. Investigation achievements on hydrometallurgical process for dealing with industrial wastes based on different electrolyte systems are summarized.