明清“冒籍跨考”现象探析——兼论对解决当代“高考移民”问题的启示

Research on the phenomenon of examinees with false registered residence in the Ming and Qing Dynasty——Also on its enlightenment on how to solve the contemporary "immigrants in the national college entrance examinations"

“冒籍跨考”现象指的是在科举考试体制中,由于录取的“分区定额制”,导致考试竞争激烈地区的考生通过不正当的手段进入考试竞争相对不太激烈的地区参加选拔性考试。“冒籍跨考”在宋代出现,至明清时已愈演愈烈。明清政府采取了一系列措施来解决“冒籍跨考”问题,但其效果并不理想。近年来“高考移民”屡禁不止,其存在的主要原因是目前高考录取制度造成的不同地区之间高考竞争压力的显著差异。探讨明清“冒籍跨考”现象,可以加深我们对当前“高考移民”问题的认识,并为其提供可资借鉴的解决办法。

The phenomenon of examinees with false registered residence refers to the fact that examinees in fierce competitive districts entered the relatively less severe competitive districts for the selective exam by unjust means due to the ＂quotas according to districts＂ in the imperial examination system in ancient China . It appeared in the Song Dynasty andbecame increasingly common in the Ming and Qing dynasties, whose governments selected and adopted a series of measures to solve the issue . In recent years, ＂immigrated examinees for the National College Entrance Examinations＂ has happened repeatedly despite strict restrictions. The research on the phenomenon in Ming and Qing dynasties mentioned above can not only help us further understand the present problem of immigrated examinees also mentioned, but also provide suggestion on solving it.