清人对宋词离合之法的总结与体认

Qing Critics' Summary and Understanding of the Means of Lihe of Song Ci

清人从宋词中总结出的离合之法可分两类:一类是指写景抒情词中景语明离而情脉暗合的创作技巧;另一类概指宋人咏物词中一笔两到、物离神合的表现手法。其他所谓“层层脱换、笔笔往复”、“不犯本位”等技法与离合手法之间实为异名同实之关系。清人借鉴时文理论,以“离合”这对范畴将宋词中不自觉的创作现象总结、提升为一种自觉的创作理论,这样不仅有效推进了清词的发展,而且影响到宋人在清代的传播情况。此类法则的提出也表明清人对词体特性与主体性情间关系的把握已达到一种辩证的深刻。

According to the summary of the critics of the Qing Dynasty, the means of Lihe （separation and connection） of Song Ci （lyrics of the Song Dynasty） includes two types ： one is to describe scenery and express emotions, and the other consists in poems delineating objects. The summary of the critics were consciously promoted to be theory of literary theory, which effectively developed Qing Ci and influenced the transmission of Song Ci in Qing Dynasty. This reflects the profound understanding of the relationship between the style features of Ci and the subject＇s feelings.