傣族药“广锅”的生药学研究

Pharmacognostic Study of Guangguo from Dai People

目的：为研究和开发唇形科罗勒属植物毛罗勒Ocimum bacilicum L．var pilosum（Willd）Beth．提供生药学资料，为该药的深入研究奠定基础。方法：采用来源鉴定、性状鉴别、显微鉴别及理化鉴别的方法作系统的生药学研究。结果：毛罗勒茎横切面主要显微鉴别特征为：切面四方形；外周有厚角组织于四角处发达；韧皮部较窄；导管多单列排列；髓部薄壁细胞较大。粉末及叶表面特征：花粉粒众多，类圆形或椭圆形，少数近球形，萌发孔明显，外壁两层明显，具网状雕纹；非腺毛有两种，一种单细胞，一种由3-8个细胞组成，端壁相接处膨大，有疣状突起；腺鳞8细胞，内含黄棕色分泌物；叶表皮细胞间分布有众多类圆形分泌细胞。理化实验表明：毛罗勒全草含挥发油及少量皂苷。结论：毛罗勒是一味具有开发前景的民族药材，该研究为制定药材质量标准、研究和开发利用该药材提供了生药学资料。

Objective： To provide pharmacognostic data for study and exploiting of Ocimum bacilicum L. var. pilosum （Willd） Benth.. Methods： To select traditional pharmacognostic methods of identification. Results： Transverse section is quadrangular with narrow phloem, vessels mostly arrange simple line, parenchyma cell is big, and there are developed collenchymas in four corner. Microspores are surrounded or ellipsoidal, few subspherical; germ pore is prominent; exospore has two prominent layers and reticulate sculpture. There are two kinds of nonglandular hairs consisting of single cell or 3 - 8 cells with papillaes erection; glandular scale consists of 8 cells including yellow - brown secrete. There are many subrounded secretion cells among cells of leaf epidermis. The whole herb includes violate oil and fewest saponin. Conclusion： Ocimum bacilicum L. var. pilosum （Willd） Benth. is one of ethnic drug. This study provides pharmacognostic data for building quantity standard of medicinal material and exploiting Ocimum bacilicum L. var. pilosum （Willd） Benth..