轻度弱智儿童工作记忆、加工速度的实验研究

An Experimental Research on the Working Memory and Processing Speed of Children of Mild Mental Retardation

选取轻度弱智、一般智力以及智力优秀三组共288名小学生作为被试,每个被试接受三种测验,即工作记忆测验、加工速度测验、韦氏儿童智力测验中国修订版,以考察轻度弱智儿童群体在与工作记忆和加工速度相关的认知任务上的反应特征,以及轻度弱智儿童与一般儿童在这些任务上的差异。通过方差分析、聚类分析等统计方法得到以下结果:1.轻度弱智儿童和智力一般儿童在工作记忆和加工速度上有显著差异。2.轻度弱智儿童群体在各基本认知能力中可能存在的缺陷并不平衡,工作记忆较稳定地反映了该群体在智力上的缺陷,但存在一部分在加工速度上体现为正常水平的亚类群体。

Children who have mild mental retardation （MMR） are different from normal children in cognitive abilities. Hence, it is meaningful to carry out some studies related to these two facets of MMR children. In the current study, 288 pupils from Shanghai and Yancheng were chosen and put into three different groups MMR children, normal children and excellent children according to their IQ scores in the test of WISC-CR. The latest ability tests of elementary cognitive processing facets included the working memory test and the processing speed test, which are from the modified edition of Cognitive Ability Test（CAT）designed by Detterman（1987）. The results were as follows： 1. There was a significant difference between MMR and normal children in working memory and processing speed tasks. 2. There were individual differences among MMR children. That is, their cognitive limitation on working memory steadily reflected their retardation in intelligence, on the one hand. But on the other, some MMR children performed as well as normal children in processing speed.