国外成就目标研究的新进展

Foreign Researches on the Achievement Goal Theory

该文从个人成就目标和目标结构(即情境)两方面分析了国外成就目标的研究。个人成就目标传统上分为掌握目标和成绩目标,在二者都发展到包括趋近取向和回避取向的基础上,有研究者提出了多目标观点;在目标结构上,掌握目标方面的研究得到了较为一致的结论,无论是知觉的掌握目标情境,还是创造的掌握目标情境,对学生都较为有益,但在成绩目标上的结果还不一致,而对同时强调掌握和成绩目标的情境方面的研究则相对较少。

The article reviews foreign researches on the achievement goal theory in terms of personal goals and goal structures （contexts）. Personal goals traditionally include mastery goal and performance goal. Recently mastery and performance goals have been expanded to approach and avoidance orientations. Some researchers have put forward multiple goal perspectives. Researches on mastery goals have arrived at comparatively identical conclusions -either contexts that are perceived as mastery-oriented or created environments that emphasize mastery are beneficial to students. The findings for performance goals are mixed. There is little research with a combined emphasis on mastery and performance goals.