副溶血弧菌海产品和临床分离株的表型及溶血素相关基因分析

Analysis of major phenotypes and hemolysin-related genotypes of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical and seafood samples

副溶血弧菌是(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)常见的食源性病原菌,可污染多种水产品,并引起人的食物中毒,其致病性与溶血素密切相关,如直接耐热溶血素(TDH)、TDH-相关溶血素(TRH)、不耐热溶血素(TLH)。用PCR方法对分离自浙江省部分地区的副溶血弧菌临床和海产品分离株的3种溶血素基因进行检测。结果表明,所有副溶血弧菌菌株均可检测到tlh基因;11株临床分离株均检测到tdh基因,而42株水产品分离株中只有1株检出tdh基因,携带tdh的分离株神奈川试验(KP)均为阳性。所有分离菌株中均未检测到trh基因以及其尿素酶试验呈阴性,由此可知trh基因可能与尿素酶基因连锁。副溶血弧菌分离株中致病性相关毒力因子TDH的阳性率极低,然而副溶血弧菌性食物中毒发生率较高,它们之间的关系及其发病机制还有待深入研究。

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, halophilie bacterium that inhabits the marine and estuarine environments. It is an important human pathogen causing gastroenteritis when raw or partially-cooked seafoods are consumed. Its pathogenicity is believed to be related to hemolysins such as thermostable direct hemolysin （TDH）, TDH- related hemolysin （TRH） and thermolabile hemolysin （TLH）. PCR method was used to examine three different hemolysin genes in isolates from clinical and seafood samples in Zhejiang province. The tlh gene was found in all isolates. The tdh gene was positive in all eleven clinical strains but only in one out of a total of 42 seafood isolates. The Kanagawa phenomenon was positive for all tdh-positive isolates. None of the isolates was positive for the trh gene. The urease test was negative for all isolates. Thus, it was assumed that the urease gene could be linked with trh gene. Further research is required to examine the relationship between low prevalence of the major virulence factor TDH and the high incidence of foodborne V. parahaemolytieus infections, and its pathogenesis.