南京国民政府对战前中国农村合作运动的推动

On the Nanjing Government's Campaign to Promote Cooperation in China's Rural Areas Before the War

国民党政府奠都南京以后,开始重视合作运动,并把合作运动作为实现其民生主义方策而列为七项民众运动之一,力图对其加以控制、驾驭和利用,使之成为推行“训政”,加强统治的重要手段之一。正是在国民党政府大力推动下,江浙等省的农村合作运动首先获得了较快发展。而在皖、赣、湘、鄂、豫等省,国民党政府以救济水灾为契机,以“剿共”“善后”政策的推行为烟幕,以“复兴农村”相号召,不遗余力地扶植农村互助社(合作预备社)和正式合作社的成立,从而使合作运动在30年代特殊的历史背景下获得了长足的发展。然而这种发展是不均衡的,畸形的,也是不健康的。

After the KMT government established the capital in Nanjing,it began to lay emphasis on the cooperation and listed it as one of the seven policies of the people＇s livelihood as a means to strengthen its control.Under the KMT government＇s vigorous promotion,Zhejiang and other provinces＇s rural cooperative movement gained rapid development.In Anhui,Jiangxi,Hunan, Hubei and Henan Provinces,the KMT government took the opportunity of flood relief,with ＂blockade＂ and ＂improvement after the war＂ and ＂recovery of the countrside＂ as propagands,spared no effort to foster rural cooperation,so cooperative movement in the 1930s in the special historioal background ashieved rapid development.However,his development is not balanoed,abnormal,and unhcalthy.