英国财政权的演变及其对宪政传统的影响

On the Evolution of England's Financial Power and It's Influences on the Constitutional Tradition

从1066年“诺曼征服”英国建立起统一的封建王国开始,英国的财政权经历了从绝对的王权到议会逐步取得征税批准权、财政监督权,以及在议会内部财政权由上院到下院的演变史。财政权的这种演变原因在于英国常年战争军费开支不断扩大引发财政危机,而“家计财政”难以支撑以及英国传统习惯等因素,并最终是由阶级经济力量对比变化决定的。财政权的演变对英国宪政传统的影响主要表现在议会主权原则的确立、有限政府理论的形成及协商精神的充分体现等方面。

England is recognized as ＂the mother of constitutionalism＂,and the formation of the constitutionalism tradition has a profound foundation which includes historical,cultural,political and economical factors.The evolution of England＇s finance power is also a significant matter.Its influences on the constitutional tradition involves the principle of dominion,limited government right theory and the consultation spirit and so on.