黄河灌区水热通量的观测与分析

Energy and water fluxes in the Yellow River irrigation region

为解决农田节水问题,进行了田间水热通量观测和水热耦合循环过程机制分析。观测系统主要包括:常规气象、辐射、涡度相关法观测系统以及土壤水分观测剖面。该系统能够连续和稳定地观测土壤-植物-大气连续体中的水热循环过程,涡度相关法观测数据具有与国际同类观测一致的精度。对2005年山东省位山引黄灌区冬小麦和夏玉米生长期内水热平衡的分析表明:当叶面积指数较大时潜热是农田能量消耗的主要方式;在冬小麦返青至收割期内作物耗水略小于供水,而在玉米生长期内供水远大于作物耗水,灌区供水充分。

A field experiment was carried out in the Weishan Irrigation District along the downstream reaches of the Yellow River to study the energy-water transfer in the soil-plantatmosphere-continuum （SPAC） to improve water use efficiency. The observations included the micrometeorology, radiation, eddy covariance observation systems and soil water content profiles. The observed data was used to verify an analysis of the variations of the energy and water fluxes during the growth stages of the winter wheat and summer maize in 2005. The accuracy of the eddy covariance system is consistent with other observations world wide. The results show that most of the available energy is consumed by the latent heat flux when the leaf area index is relatively high. The water consumption is lower than the water supply in both crop seasons, which implies that the irrigation is sufficient.