全新世古洪水研究进展

Progress of Research on Palaeofloods

尽管古洪水的研究最多只有50年左右的历史,但是利用全新世古洪水研究来补充洪水频率计算的资料,对预测洪水发生的可能性和严重程度具有重要的意义,所以古洪水的研究发展比较迅速。本文从古洪水事件的判别、古洪水平流沉积物的特点、古洪水的水文计算等方面阐述了全新世古洪水的研究进展。古洪水研究虽然取得了很大进展,但是仍然存在以下问题:研究区域主要集中在长江、黄河流域的部分地区,所以研究区域需要进一步扩展;研究分辨率有待提高;洪水事件与气候变化的关系研究的较少;对洪水事件的成因关注的不多;对一个流域内古洪水序列的全面建立还存在困难。

Although palaeoflood research has only been practiced for 50 years, it is important for forecasting possibility and severity of floods.Because Holocene palaeoflood study can supply data for frequency analysis of floods, palaeoflood study develops fast. Combining some related researches, this paper described the progress of research on palaeofloods in three aspects of identification of palaeofloods, characteristic of slackwater deposits and hydrological calculation. Although rapid advances have been achieved in palaeoflood study with numerous quantitative results, there are still some problems.The study areas have been mostly on some streams of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, and the study should be developed the other streams, More studies should be strengthened on high-resolution of palaeoflood records; There is no enough study on the relationship between palaeoflood occurrence and climate change.The reason of flood event should be paid much attention to; It is difficult to construct complete palaeoflood sequence in a river basin.