摘要
在医院内护理人员掌握必要的防护知识，对病人或自身均具有十分重要的意义。本文阐述了四方面的易于做到的防护措施，包括：①洗手；②手套、制服、护目罩、面罩、帽子和外科手术罩、帽套或外科手术专用鞋等机械防护；③应急装备；④必备的防护知识和技术。
Microorganisms greatly outnumber humans.They are found everywhere;in the soil,in fresh and seawater,in the air.As we breath,eat,drink,and live we come in contact with them.Most microbes are friendly,sometimes even necessary for life.When pathogenic organisms come in contact with a human host a complicated series of events is set in motion.Whether these organisms remain apart from the human host,become a part of the normal flora,or invade the host and cause disease depends on the host's defense mechanisms.The human body's first line of defense is the skin and mucous membranes.Participants included in this defense system are tears that wash the eyes,the body's cough reflex and the upward movement of the cilia that help to clear the respiratory passages,and gastric acid located in the gastrointestinal tract which destroys pathogens that invade the gut.Four easy to implement Universal Precaution activities provide backup for this group of defenses.
