中国古代军事地理研究

Research on Military Geography in Ancient China

军事地理是军事谋划的基本要素。中国古代纷繁的战争实践促进了军事地理研究的不断深入。《孙子兵法》中有关军事地形的系统论述是先秦军事地理研究的丰硕成果。南宋开始出现军事地理专著。明清时期，边患日重，有关边防、海防地区的军事地理研究之风盛行，成果颇多。兵要地志、军用地图是军事地理研究的基本成果。实地考察与考证地理典籍是军事地理研究的基本方法。中国古代军事地理研究中对战略要地、古代战场与战例、御敌方略的记述与研判，对今天的国防筹划仍然具有借鉴意义。

Military geography is an essential element in military scheme. The research on it in ancient China was advanced gradually by numerous and wars. There are fruitful systematic discusscons on military topography in the Art of War by SunTz . The first military geographical monograph was written in Nan Song Dynasty. In the period of Ming and Qing dynasty, as a consequence of disaster of foreign invasion on the border, abundant military geographical investigation on frontier defense and coast defense were written. The military topolagy and military maps are basic products. The basic methods for military geographical studies indude Investigation on site and study ancient books and records. Furthermore, the records and analysis on military geography including strategically important areas, ancient battlefields, specific examples, and general defense plans arestiu important for today＇s defense.