“不得其路”的困结与“殉道”悲剧——从“道”“路”分裂的角度看鲁迅对中国士人文化的现代思索

The Puzzling Knot of "Finding no way" and "Dying for the Ideal" On the Modern Thinking of Lu Xun to the Chinese Scholars' Culture From the Angle of the Separating of "the Way" and "the Ideal"

鲁迅与传统文化之间深受影响又立意疏离的关系,使他有可能形成一种属于他个人的独特视界。尽管儒道赋予了士阶层安身立命的价值意义,但它自身依赖政治权力而“不得其路”的内在困结也给士阶层的道路实践带来了同样难以消解的问题。“道”无法得到现实保障的脆弱结构意味着士人在“行道”实践中,坚持“道”的理想就意味着“殉道”的悲剧。

Lu Xun tended to form an unique visual angle since he was deeply affected by the traditional culture as well as that he tried to estrange it. Although the scholars were endowed with the value meaning to settle down and get on with their work by the confucianism and Taoism,they still have the puzzle to practise their ideal by the inherent knot of relying on the political rights and “having no road”. Pursuiting the “ideal” might lead to the tragedy of “dying for it” because of the frail framework which can＇t safeguard it in reality.