对胡雪岩商业败落的重新审视

Look closely again at Hu Xueyan's failure in commerce

胡雪岩作为晚清著名的“红顶商人”,其在商业上的成功之巨和失败之速曾引起后人的诸多思考。重新审视胡雪岩商业败落的原因,主要有四个方面:首先,生丝投机生意的失败,如同一根导火索引发了胡雪岩整个“商业帝国”的危机;其次,因无力应对1883年金融风潮中银根短缺的困境,从而成为这次金融风潮的牺牲品;再次,胡雪岩在思维、经营和生活方式上拘于旧式,致被时代淘汰出局;最后,胡雪岩通过对政府的“投资”获得政府短暂的支持与保护,但由于整个体制的限制,他始终无法建立起一种健康和谐的官商关系。

Being a famous government merchant in the end of the Qing Dynasty, Hu Xueyan＇s large success and quick failure once caused later generations to wonder how. look closely again at the reasons why he failed in commerce. There are four reasons： first, the failure in raw silk investment, which was like a fuse causing the crisis of Hu Xueyan＇s whole “Commerce Empire”. Second, he was unable to solve the problem of tight money policy in 1883＇s financial storm, which made him a victim in that storm. Third, his thoughts, management, life style were all obsolete, so he was left behind by the times. Finally, Hu Xuanyan got temporary support and protection from government by “investing” the government, but because of the limit of state system, he couldn＇t build up a kind of healthy and harmonious relations between government and merchant.