相对的境遇 永恒的爱——弗莱彻境遇伦理学述评

ETERNAL LOVE IN A REALTIVE SITUATION——A REVIEW ON FLETCHER' SITUATION ETHICS

境遇伦理学是美国基督教内部20世纪60年代起出现的新道德改革运动的产物。与拉姆色(P.Ramsey)为代表的保守派的论争中,革新派中的弗莱彻的“境遇伦理学”最为激进,影响最大。弗莱彻赞赏道德相对主义,甚至把自己的伦理学说称为以实用主义为战略,相对主义为战术,以实用主义、相对主义、实证主义和人格主义等4条实用原理为行动方针,以“爱”为至高原则的道德观。然而事实上,笔者认为:弗莱彻的境遇是相对的,而爱则是道德永恒的追求。

Situation ethics is the product of a reformist movement of new morality which occurred within Christianity in America in the 1960s. Fletcher＇ sitution ethics is the most radical and has the greatest influence in the controversy with P. Ramsey and his conservatives. Highly appreciating the moral relativism, Fletcher even defines his ethics theory as the moral outlook which takes pragmatism as the strategy, relativism as a tactic, and the four practical principles of pragmatism, relativism, positivism and personalism as the program of action. He advocates love as the most important principle. However, Fletcher＇s ＂situations＂ are relative, and love rtepresents the eternal moral pursuit.