1997-2006年广州市流行性腮腺炎流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Mumps from 1997 to 2006 in Guangzhou

目的 了解广州市流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征。方法 采用回顾性流行病学的方法对广州市1997-2006年法定报告传染病年报表流行性腮腺炎发病及其分布情况进行分析。结果 1997～2006年广州市共发生流行性腮腺炎29．424例。年平均发病率为41．48／10万，2004-2005年发病具有明显上升趋势，其中2005年发病数最高．发病率为105．53／10万。该病的发病特点为：全年均有发病，发病高峰在六、七月份，分别占全部发病总数的13．41％和13．51％。人群主要分布在学生（50．74％）、幼托（23．26％）和散居儿童（13．09％）。以10～14岁年龄组的发病数最高。男女性别比例为1．7：1。男性发病率比女性高（x^2=1615．74、p-=0．000）。结论 近年广州市流行性腮腺炎发病率呈逐年上升趋势，逐渐成为危害儿童健康的主要传染病之一。应在控制免疫规划针对传染病的同时，加强流行性腮腺炎的监测工作．开展腮腺炎防控工作。采用科学合理的免疫接种方案．提高易感人群的免疫水平，从根本上减少腮腺炎发病．促进人群健康。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Guang Zhou. Methods The mumps cases which were reported by mumps annual were analysed by epidemiological methods between 1997 -2006 in Guangzhou. Results 29,424 mumps cases occurred from 1997 to 2006 in Guang Zhou , annual incidence rate was 48.41 per 100,000persons , and there was an obvious increase from 1997 to 20005. The peak of incidence was 2005 and the incidence rate was 105.53 per 100,000 persons. The characteristics of occurence were that mumps cases occurred aroud the year , more cases occurred at the June to July（ 13. 41%, 13. 51%respectively）. Mumps cases mainly occurred in students at school（50.74% ）and children in kindergartens （23.26 % ） and scattered children （13.09%）. The incidence rate of mumps in those of from 10 to 14 years old were the highest. The gender ratio of male and femal was 1.7 ： 1 and the incidence rate of male was higher than female（x^2=1615.74,p=0. 000）. Conclusion The incidence rate of Mumps had a ascending tendency in Guangzhou recent years. It had became the main communicable disease of hazarding the health of children. Surveillance , prevention and control work should be carried out ,scientific immunifaction program should be adopt to improve the populations immunization level , decrease the cases of mumps and improve the health of populations.