论国家助学贷款的制度创新:功能金融理论的分析

A Discussion on the Institution Innovation of GSSL: The Analysis Based on the Theory of Functional Finance

作为一项个人金融与高等教育形式的人力资本投资结合的有效方式,国家助学贷款制度实施近7年来,始终未能实现其制度设计的预期目标,在政策与实践之间存在诸多矛盾,主要原因在于制度变迁的路径是基于金融的“机构范式”,而且,沿着既定方向的改革道路已走到尽头。因此,国家助学贷款的制度创新,需要进行范式转换和新的路径选择,即根据功能金融理论,从金融的“机构范式”到“功能范式”,应注重金融生态环境建设,在对现有国家助学贷款的金融功能重新定位的基础上,着力推进社区银行参与国家助学贷款,并在开发二级市场前提下完善国家助学贷款的金融竞争机制。

As an effective way to combine personal finance and human capital investment in higher education, GSSL （government-subsidized students loan） institution cannot fulfill its organized target in its practice of 7 years. There are many contradictories between policy and practice owing to the path of institution transformation that is based on the organization paradigm of finance. Furthermore, the reform along the given direction has come to the end. Thus, it is necessary for institution innovation to transfer the model and choose a new path. According to function finance theory, we should change financial organization paradigm into functional one, give priority to financial ecological environment construction, put forth efforts to urge community banks to participate in the activity and perfect the financial competition institution of GSSL on the premise of developing secondary markets on the basis of relocating the financial function of present aid fund system.