百年中国司法权体系的发展进程及现实反思

The Development and Practical Reflection of the Chinese System of Judicial Power in the Last Century

司法独立是现代法治国家的重要标志之一。司法能否独立,直接取决司法权体系能否独立与完整。我国近代意义上的司法权体系肇始于清末,至今时届百年。在这不算短的历史长河中,司法权体系的发展经历了大陆法系模式、三权分立模式、五权分立模式及社会主义模式,由于缺少良好的政治、社会及文化环境,其独立进程坎坷起伏,障碍重重,难以健康发展,对国家政治稳定及社会秩序造成过巨大负面影响。反思百年中国司法权体系发展的经验和教训,有助于为当下中国建立健全真正独立完整的司法权体系、促进法治社会的建设寻找良策。

Independence of judicature is one of the important signs that indicate a modern country governed by law. The independence of judicature depends on the independent and complete system of judicial power. It＇ s been a hundred years since the inchoation of the modern system of judicial power in China in the end of the Qing era. In this period that is not short, the judicial power system in China has been experiencing the mode of civil law system, the mode of system of separation of three powers, the mode of system of separation of five powers and the mode of so- cialism. The independence of judicature met a lot of difficulties and sinuosity in its development for the lack of good political, social and cultural environment, and that generated great negative impact on the political stabilization and public order. The reflections on the experience of the development of Chinese system of judicial power in the past hundred years will be helpful to find out the way to build the real independent and complete judicial power system and to promote the construction of the society governed by law.