行政法上的私人种类探析

On Private Parties in Administrative Law

以行政主体(行政权、行政行为)为中心展开的传统行政法理论很少研究与行政主体相对的私人在行政法上的地位问题,这导致传统行政法理论存在诸多缺陷。近年,随着行政法研究的深入,私人地位问题已经引起行政法学者的重视,但是,行政法学对私人的研究主要集中在行政相对人上,而对行政相对人之外的其他种类的私人的研究却很不充分,致使无法对行政法上的私人形成全景式认识。正是在这样的背景之下,以"私人"概念为依托,以大陆法系国家公权利与反射性利益相区分的理论为工具,将行政法上的私人分为行政相对人、利害关系人和一般公众,并揭示各类私人的实质,从而为分析各类私人在行政法上的地位奠定基础。

The theory of traditional administrative law, with administrative agency, executive power and administrative action as research core, rarely study the status of private party in the administrative law. This situation leads to the existing limitations of the traditional administrative law. In these years,it is a good phenomenon that the issue of private party status has incurred the attention of administrative law scholars. However, the administrative law is mainly focused on the obvious party, with other private parties not enough, and thus the administrative law have no an comprehensive theory on private parties. In this background, private parties in administrative law are will be divided into obvious party, interests-related person and public, with the theory distinguishing public fight from reflected interests in the civil law system as the research tools in the article. At the same time the article discloses the essence of every private parties and lays the foundation for analyzing the status of every private parties in administrative law.