我国《物权法》的物权定义评析——物权的排他性考察

On the Definition of Property in the Chinese Property Law——the Inspection On Exclusiveness of Property

我国物权法的物权定义成功与不足并存,物权定义中无须强调排他性。物权的排他性来源于物权本质的"对人关系说",可实际上"对人关系说"是从权利角度对物权的分析,对人关系是权利的通性。从实证上看,物权成立上的排他性是物权支配性的当然结果;排斥他人干涉的排他性不是物权才独有的特性,并且物权效力上的排他性是侵权法保障功能的反射效果,物权效力的排他并不意味着物权相对人普遍义务的承担。

The success and drawback coexist in definition of property in our country＇ s property law. It needn＇ t emphasize exclusiveness in the property definition. The exclusiveness of property origineted from the theory of personam relation. But in reality, the theory of personam relation is the outcome when we analysis the real right as one right, personam relation is the general essence of right. In view of practice, the exclusiveness of establishing one property is the natural result of real right controlling. The exclusiveness to repel others＇ interfere is not the unique characteristic of the property, and the exclusiveness of property potency is the reflection effect of protecting-function of tort law. The exclusiveness of property potency does not mean the real right relative person should undertake universal obligation.