长江中下游地区湖泊的演化及生态特性

Evolution and Ecological Environment of Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

从大尺度、长时间的视角对长江中下游地区湖泊的演变进行了分析和探讨,指出长江中下游地区湖泊是在特定的地质地貌条件和气候变化背景下形成演变的,它与长江的演变有着密切的渊源关系.长江中下游地区湖泊的演化及环境变迁受诸多因素的影响,在地质历史时期构造运动、气候变化对其影响巨大,而近现代人类活动的影响占主导地位.长江中下游湖泊特有的自然演变模式使得该地区湖泊营养本底普遍较高;密切的江湖关系使洪水成为影响湖泊生态系统稳定的一个重要因素;因此认为目前长江中下游地区湖泊严峻的富营养化情势是长期自然演化和近代人类干扰活动不断加剧的必然结果.

The paper analyzes the evolution of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in the scale and time perspective, and points out that the lakes are formed by the special tectonic movement, geomorphological condition, as well as climate changes. The formation and evolution of the lakes is closely associated with the evolution of Yangtze River. There are numerous factors influencing the evolution of the lakes In the geology historical period, tectonic movement and climate changes played a key role, and in modern time, human activities are the main factors in influencing the lake evolution. The special formation and natural evolution pattern of the lakes in this reaches formed the sediment of the lakes containing relatively high nutrient base, and close connection between lakes and rivers made flood be a key factor in influencing the ecological stability of the lakes. It concludes that long period natural evolution and modern human intervening activities have caused serious situation of lake environment in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.