土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响

Effect of Soil Water Stress on Law of Water Consumption and Yield in Winter Wheat

在温室盆栽和池栽防雨旱棚条件下，研究了土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦耗水规律及产量的影响，结果表明，随土壤水分胁迫加剧，干物质积累减少，子粒干物质来自贮藏同化物的比例上升，产量下降，产量构成三因子中穗粒数、亩穗数下降均极显著，而千粒重下降较少。随水分胁迫加剧，拔节前耗水量占总耗水量的比率增高，从播种到拔节期，耗水量占总耗水量的比例愈高，拔节后植株衰老死亡愈早，产量降低就愈大。中度水分胁迫下，虽然水分生产率和经济系数提高，但其综合效益均低于轻度胁迫和对照，且轻度胁迫下，其综合效益表现最高。因而可以认为相对含水量６０％为冬小麦正常生长发育并形成高产的下限指标。

The effect of soil water stress on law of water consumption and yield in winter wheat had been studied in pot culture and pondlet cultrue with rain proof shelter.The results showed: Following the increase of waterstress,dry matter accumulation would be reduced and the ratio coming form stored assimilation increased,yield reduced.The kernel numbers and spike numbers of the three yield components lessen to a big margin,however,the weight of 1000 kernels lessens to a small margin.Following the increase of water stress,the ratio of water consumption before jointing stage in total water consumption increased,higher the ratio of water consumption and total water consumption from sowing to jointing, earlier the plants declining and lower the yield after jointing.In middle drought,though it accelerated to the increase of water production efficiency and economic index,the comprehensive economy efficiency was less than that in light drought and control,and the comprehensive economy efficiency of light drought was the highest in four treatments.60% relative water capacity could be the minimum indice of water for normal growth, development and high yield of winter wheat ,and the theory basis for taking measure of irrigating and culture.