攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿区土壤重金属地球化学特征及污染评价

The Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Soils in the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite Mine and the Pollution Evaluation

为了解攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿区土壤重金属的特征及污染程度,采集了矿区表层土壤样品和两个土壤剖面,用多种分析方法有针对性地分析了Cu、Pb、Zn、Ti、V、Co、Ni、As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Mn十二种元素。在分析分布特征基础上,对重金属进行了污染物负荷指数评价,结果发现:1)攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿区表层土壤大部分属于中等污染,少数属于强污染,个别达到了极强污染;2)Co、V、Cu、Cd、Ti几种元素的最高污染系数大,Zn、Mn、Ni、Cr四种元素的最高污染系数次之,Hg、Pb两种元素的最高污染系数较小,As的最高污染系数最小;3)从各区域的污染物负荷指数来看,排土场周围和朱矿采矿场下游附近污染程度较大,远离矿区以及矿区上游污染较小。

In order to find out the geochemical characteristics and the pollution degrees of heavy metals in soils in the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite mine, samples of surface soils and soils from two vertical profiles in the area have been collected in this study. Twelve elements （Cu, Pb, Zn, Ti, V, Co, Ni, As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Mn） are analyzed for these samples by using several methods respectively. Then the distribution characters of heavy metals in soils have been discussed and the polluting indexes of heavy metals have been evaluated. Results show that the surface soils in the most area of the Panzhihua V-Ti Magnetite mine are intermediately polluted by heavy metals, with high pollution locally and extremely high pollution occasionally. The highest polluting coefficients are decreased from those of Co, V, Cu, Cd and Ti, to those of Zn, Mn, Ni and Cr, to those of Hg and Pb, and to that of As. According to the pollution loading indexes of soils for various areas, the soils surrounding the dump and near the lower reaches of Zhujiabao Mining area are quite severely polluted, whereas the soils in the areas far away from the mine or in the upper reaches of the mine are only slightly polluted.