中国城市化对经济增长影响机制的实证研究

How Does Urbanization Affect Economic Growth in China

本文在对现有文献梳理的基础上,提出城市化可以通过两种机制的作用来推动经济增长:一方面,城市化带来的聚集经济加速物质资本、人力资本和知识资本等要素的积累,从而促进经济增长;另一方面,城市化使得剩余劳动力从农村向城市转移,优化第一产业,促进非农产业的发展,同时城市本身第二、三产业的发展进一步加速了产业结构的升级,从而促进经济增长。即城市化先作用于要素积累和结构变革,然后才间接地对经济增长产生正的影响作用。中国数据的实证检验结果表明:城市化能够通过物质资本、人力资本、知识资本和产业结构这四条途径来影响经济增长;而且,在现阶段人力资本和结构变革是城市化与人均产出之间的显著影响渠道。

Research conclusions drawn in previous researches, urbanization exerts a positive influence on economic growth through two mechanisms as follows： Firstly, agglomeration of economies brought about by urbanization can acelerate the accumulation of capital, human resources, knowledge and other facts. Secondly, urbanization itself is a process of population migration,during which spare laborers move to cities from rural areas, so agriculture industry is optimized and non-agriculture industries are developed. At the same time, the development of the secondary and tertiary industries in urban areas upgrades the industrial structure and furthermore promotes economic growth.