古典精神分析对行为动力的认识分歧述评

A Divergent Review on the Behavior Dynamics by Traditional Psychoanalysis

对行为动力的认识分歧是古典精神分析矛盾的根源所在。弗洛伊德认为,每个人行为的目的在于追求释放被压抑在本我之中的不愉快的能量,从而解除紧张获得快乐;荣格认为,人格结构由很多两极相对的内部动力构成,个体行为的动力是这种由两极相对发展到两极融合的驱力,人们在这种驱力的作用下产生各种各样的行为;而阿德勒认为每个人行为的基本动力是克服自卑心理,追求优越和完美的社会。深入分析古典精神分析有关行为动力看法的矛盾与冲突,从而去发现人格最为本质的特点具有十分重要的意义。

The divergence of understanding behavior dynamics roots in the contradiction of traditional psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud thinks that the behaviural purpose of everyoneis to release the unhappy force of id and to be relaxed; Carl Gustav Jung thinks that the personality structure consists of many contrary inner dynamics and the dynamics of individual behavior is the drive of making the contrary force develop into an integrated state, and different behaviors produce under this drive ; Alfred Adler thinks that the dynamics of everyone＇ s behavior is to overcome inferiority and strive for superiority and perfect society. It is of significance to analyze the contrary ideas of the behhvior dynamics from traditional psychoanalysis and find out the essential features of personality.