中国温带荒漠区的植物多样性及其易地保护

Diversity and ex-situ conservation of plants in the desert region of temperate zone in China

荒漠植物多样性研究及其保护是生物多样性保护的重要组成部分。中国荒漠区植物种类贫乏(约1000余种),分布稀疏,生物量小,起源古老,地理成份复杂(有14个地理分布型),特有成份多(80余种),珍稀濒危植物种类相对较多(50～60种),在荒漠气候和特殊的土壤基质条件下,形成了多种生态型和特殊的生活型,为荒漠植物多样性易地保护提供了可能性和必要性。处于亚洲荒漠区的吐鲁番沙漠植物园的研究工作,正从传统的植物引种驯化和经济植物栽培,向荒漠区系植物多样性保护领域转移,现园内保存的荒漠区系植物成份已达42.2%,特有种和珍稀濒危植物也占相当比例。长期适应荒漠环境的各类植物具有多种多样的抗逆性基因,因而有着潜在的开发利用前景。

Conservation and research of desert plant diversity is an important part of the biodiversity protection. Plant species in plain desert of China is very scarce(about 1000 species) and distribute sparsely. Its biomass is poor. But its origin is ancient with complicated geographical component (about 14 areal-types) and high endemic component (about 80 species). The rare and endangered species is relatively rich (about 50～60 species). Complicated ecotype and endemic life from of desert plant have been formed based on desert climate and special pedology, so ex-situ conservation on its biodiversity is necessary and possible. Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden lies in desert region of Asia. Its research purpose is changing from introduction to protection of desert flora. At present, the component of the desert plants in the botanical garden has reached to 42.2 % and the amount of endemic and rare endangered species is relatively large. All kinds of plants that have adapted for desert environment over a long period of time contain a great deal of resistence gene, so there is a potential prospect on exploitation and utilization of them.