煤炭铁路运输体制改革的分析及建议

我国铁路是世界上最繁忙的铁路系统之一。煤运比重一直居铁路货物运输之首。然而,铁路煤炭运输缺口却居高不下。要从根本上打破运力瓶颈,规范运力分配,关键还是扩大铁路建设的投资规模。其次,让煤炭企业资本加入铁路建设,或许是煤炭与铁路双赢的一个选择。神朔铁路和目前铁路客运专线建设的投融资模式,应该扩展到煤运专线建设上来。长期单一投资主体、单一融资渠道的铁路行业,本来就给外来资本留下了大量空间,要满足并规范煤炭运输市场,绝不能靠铁路一家力量,必须要煤炭上下游企业战略性合作,实行一场煤炭运输基础设施投资体制的改革。另外,适当提高煤炭运输比价,采取部分区段季节性浮动的价格制度,也能调动铁路对煤炭运输的积极性。

China railway is the busiest systems in the world. Coal transport is the highest proportion among the railway. However, it is still shortage of the capacity to transport coal by rail. If we want to break bottlenecks of transport capacity and standardize allocation capacity fundamentally, the key is to expanse the scale of investment in railway construction. Secondly, coal enterprises engaging in railway construction are perhaps a win-win choice for both coal and railways. For example, investment model of Shenshuo Railway and passenger train should be extended to coal lanes building. Because investment in railway industry of China always experiences a single channel for investment and financing for long term, it has left space to the foreign capital. To satisfy and standardize coal transportation market, it should not only depend on the railroad, but also depend on coal upstream and downstream firms strategic cooperation, so as to implement a coal transport infrastructure investment system reform. In addition, price raising of coal transportation appropriately and taking some segments seasonal floating price system can mobilize enthusiasm of coal transport by railway.