明治维新成功与戊戌变法失败的政治学分析

The Political Analysis of the Success of the Meiji Restoration and the Failure of the 1898 Reform of China

由于中日两国在政治体制方面存在着巨大的差异,决定了日本明治维新的成功和中国戊戌变法的失败。从政治发展的危机论角度观察,清末的政治体系不但面临着权威危机,而且还面临着参与危机;从实现现代化的政治条件上观察,清末的政治体制已经失去了实现现代化的政治功能;从政治衰败的角度观察,清末的政治衰败已到了无法挽救的地步。

The huge differences of China and Japan in political system caused the different results of the 1898 Reform of China and the Meiji Restoration. From the perspective of political development crisis theory, the political system at the end of the Qing Dynasty met with authoritative crisis and participant crisis; from the perspective of the political qualification needed for modernization, its political system had lost the political function for modernization; from the perspective of the political decline, the decline had been in the stage that could not be retrieved.