堆肥制作中的生物化学变化特征

BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOSTING

通过室内模拟堆制和同位素交叉标记，研究了以稻草和禽畜粪为主体材料的堆肥制作过程中的生物化学变化特征。结果表明：有机物料的分解可分为初期（０～２５ｄ）的快速分解阶段和中后期（２５～９０ｄ）的缓慢分解阶段，不同材料组合中以稻草加鸡粪处理分解最快；堆肥制作过程中全碳、全氮及Ｃ／Ｎ比值不断下降，但全氮相对含量上升，以稻草加鸡粪处理最明显；堆肥制作过程中，碳、氮的腐殖化作用明显，不同材料组合，氮的微生物同化和矿化作用不同，过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶均出现两个高峰期；所有处理的生物量态氮均在堆制后第１６ｄ达到最大值，随后都下降。

Simulated composting was carried out to study the changes of biochemistry and chemical characteristics of the organic manure compost using labelled organic material and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The decomposition of organic materials was obviously divided into two phases, i.e., ealier incipient rapid decomposition and midlater slow decomposition. The best combination of decomposition rates among the different organic materials was rice straw and chicken manure. 2. During the composting there were decreased total C, total absolute N and ratio of C/N, but the N content was increased. 3. Severe humification of C and N during the composting was carrying in all treatments, especially in the combination of rice straw and chemical nitrogen fertilizer. 4. During the composting both of the catalase and protease had two highest periods which were in the eighth day and the fortieth day for catalase and in the sixteenth day and sixtieth day for protease, respectively. 5. The microbial biomass N of all treatments had a highest value in the sixteenth day and then decreased. There was a second highest value in the sixtieth day in the combination of rice straw and pig manure.