近50年陕西凤县林麝分布区的变迁

Changes of Moschus berezovskii distribution in Fengxian County of Shaanxi Province in last fifty years

于2005年夏季和2006年春季,采用问卷调查结合野外实地验证,对陕西凤县林麝(Moschus berezovskii)的现时及历史分布进行了分析,并将所得分布信息叠加至数字化地图,绘制成林麝近50年的分布区变迁图。结果表明:历史上,凤县是秦巴山区林麝的主要分布区之一,从20世纪80年代初开始,该县林麝数量大幅下降,至今分布区已严重萎缩并破碎化,总分布面积减少至50年前的1/3;目前林麝分布区主要在相对偏远、人为干扰较少的乡与乡的交界和县的边缘地区,分布区被人类聚居地及主要公路所隔离。造成这种现状的主要原因是过度捕杀、森林减少及道路建设。

By means of questionnaire and field survey, the current and historical distribution of Moschus berezovskii in Fengxian County of Shaanxi Province was investigated in 2005 summer and 2006 spring, and the distribution patterns of the forest musk deer in last fifty years were shown by the colored blocks on the digital maps. The results indicated that historically, Fengxian County was one of the main distribution areas of M. berezovskii in Qinba Mountains. Since 1980s, the quantity of M. berezovskii in the County decreased dramatically, and its current distribution area was shrunk to 1/3 of the historical one. By now, M. berezovskii was mainly distributed in the edges of the villages and counties in remote mountain areas less in human disturbance, and the distribution patches were isolated from each other by residential areas and roads. Over-hunting, deforestation and road construction were the main causes of this distribution.