干旱监测指数研究

Research progress on drought indices

日益严重的全球化干旱问题已经成为各国科学家和政府部门共同关注的热点,它直接威胁着人类的生存环境。而干旱监测,尤其是遥感干旱监测,一直是科学界公认的难题。本文对传统的干旱监测指数如帕尔默干旱指数、作物湿度指数、标准降水指数、地表水分供应指数的优缺点进行评述;将遥感干旱监测指数分成2类,一类是基于地表反射率和发射率的干旱监测指数;另一类是基于地表水和能量平衡模型的干旱监测指数,详细介绍了这2类干旱遥感监测指数的原理、方法以及适用范围.对各种干旱监测指数存在的问题以及干旱监测的发展趋势进行了探讨。

Global drought disaster is increasingly severe, and becomes a hotpot which many scientists and governments pay more attention to. This disaster has directly threatened our existent environment, but how to effectively detect and monitor its occurrence and evolvement on a global or continental scale is still an embarrassment for us. In this paper, the traditional drought indices such as Palmer Drought Severity Index （PDSI）, Crop Moisture Index （CMI）, Standardized Precipitation Index （SPI） and Surface Water Supply Index （SWSI） were reviewed, with their ad- vantages and disadvantages analyzed. The drought indices based on remote sensing were divided into two classes, one was based on the reflectivity and emissivity of land surface, such as Vegetation Condition Index （VCI）, Temperature Condition Index （TCI） and Vegetation Temperature Condition Index （ VTCI）, and the other was based on the energy balance model of land surface, such as soil heat inertia index, evaporative fraction index and crop water stress index. The mechanisms, methodologies, and application ranges of these drought indices in remote sensing monito- ring were introduced, and the disadvantages and future development of different drought indices were discussed.