有机硅工厂火灾安全评价研究

Study on Fire Safety Assessment of Organosilicone Factory

针对有机硅工厂的水解单元、缩合单元、过滤单元、成品仓库、原料罐区,以美国道化学公司的火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法,定量地对潜在火灾、爆炸和反应危险性进行评价,得到在没有采用任何安全措施的情况下,水解单元、缩合单元、成品仓库单元和原料罐区单元的危险等级均为“较轻”,过滤单元的危险等级为“最轻”。利用CFAST软件对成品仓库所在建筑进行20min火灾发生过程的模拟,确定了设定参数下成品仓库无开口部位时在310～1090s之间、有开口部位时在340～400s之间均会对人造成直接烧伤或吸入热气体的伤害。得出当火灾发生后,非救援人员需在310s之前离开成品仓库才能保证安全。

To assess the risk of potential fire and explosion of hydrolyzation unit, condensation unit, filtration unit, product storage unit and raw material tank area in the organosilicone factory, quantitative safety assessment is respectively made to them by using F＆EI （fire ＆ explosion danger index） created by America Dow Chemical Company. The result is that the fire ＆ explosion risk of hydrolyzation unit, condensation unit, product storage unit and raw material tank area is low and the one of the filtration unit is the lowest when there is no countermeasure for them. Then, a simulation of twenty-minute fire is conducted to the product storage building by applying CFAST（ consolidation fire and smoke transport）software. The result is that under the condition of certain preset parameters, the fire will cause direct burn to staff or indirect harm to them due to absorbing heat smoke in 310 - 1 090 s when there exits no open part in the building; so does it in 340 -400 s when there exits open part in the building. This demonstrates that the nonrescuers will be safe only when they evacuate from the building within 310 s after a fire occurs in the product storage building.